Esox lucius
System : Freshwater
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Esociformes
Esocidae
  • General
  • Distribution
  • Impact
  • Management
  • Bibliography
  • Contact
Common name
great northern pike (English), hecht (French), northern pike (English), grand brochet (French), American pike (English), great nothern pickerel (English), Great Lakes pike (English), common pike (English), snake (English), pike (English), pickerel (English), jack (English), jackfish (English), brouchet (French), hauki (Finnish), wolf (English), brouchetta (French), brochet du nord (French), bec de canard (French), brochet (French), poignard (French), lanceron (French), sifflet (French), schnuck (German), grashecht (German), schnock (German), bunthecht (German), heichit (German), hecht (German), schnöck (German), heekt (German), hechten (German), scheckhecht (German), hengste (German), snook (German), lucio (Spanish), luccio (Italian), lúcio (Portuguese), Europäischer hecht (German), brouché (French), höcht (German)
Synonym
Esox boreus , Agassiz 1850
Esox estor , Lesueur 1818
Esox lucioides , Agassiz & Girard 1850
Esox lucius atrox , Anikin 1902
Esox lucius bergi ,Kaganowsky 1933
Esox reichertii baicalensis , Dybowski 1874
Luccius vorax ,Rafinesque 1810
Lucius lucius , L.
Trematina foveolata , Trautschold 1884
Similar species
Summary
The northern pike, Esox lucius, is a predatory freshwater fish that is an opportunistic feeder. It is common in lakes, basins and rivers in the United States, Canada, central Asia, Siberia and many places in Europe. It is also present in the Aral, Arctic, Baltic, Barents, Black, Caspian, North and White seas and Atlantic basins. E. lucius exhibits genetic differentiation among its worldwide populations.

Principal source:

Compiler: IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group with support from the Overseas Territories Environmental Programme (OTEP) project XOT603, a joint project with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment

Review:

Publication date: 2010-10-07

Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2024) Species profile: Esox lucius. Downloaded from http://iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1764 on 21-11-2024.

General Impacts
Esox lucius can cause the alteration of fish community species composition, by both predation and competition. As E. lucius is an opportunistic feeder, it is able to adapt to whatever prey fish are present. E. lucius may also hybridise with native fish species, e.g. E. masquinongy in the United States and Canada. (Fuller 2010; Harvey 2009).
Management Info
Common management techniques used for controlling E. lucius populations include culling and poisoning with rotenone. (Harvey 2009).
Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Esox lucius
ALIEN RANGE
NATIVE RANGE
  • albania
  • armenia
  • azerbaijan
  • belarus
  • belgium
  • bosnia and herzegovina
  • bulgaria
  • canada
  • china
  • croatia
  • czech republic
  • denmark
  • estonia
  • finland
  • france
  • georgia
  • germany
  • greece
  • holy see (vatican city state)
  • hungary
  • iran, islamic republic of
  • italy
  • jersey
  • kazakhstan
  • kyrgyzstan
  • latvia
  • liechtenstein
  • lithuania
  • luxembourg
  • macedonia, the former yugoslav republic of
  • moldova, republic of
  • monaco
  • mongolia
  • netherlands
  • norway
  • poland
  • romania
  • russian federation
  • san marino
  • serbia
  • slovakia
  • slovenia
  • sweden
  • switzerland
  • turkey
  • turkmenistan
  • ukraine
  • united kingdom
  • united states
  • uzbekistan
Informations on Esox lucius has been recorded for the following locations. Click on the name for additional informations.
Lorem Ipsum
Location Status Invasiveness Occurrence Source
Details of Esox lucius in information
Status
Invasiveness
Arrival date
Occurrence
Source
Introduction
Species notes for this location
Location note
Management notes for this location
Impact
Mechanism:
Outcome:
Ecosystem services:
Impact information
Esox lucius can cause the alteration of fish community species composition, by both predation and competition. As E. lucius is an opportunistic feeder, it is able to adapt to whatever prey fish are present. E. lucius may also hybridise with native fish species, e.g. E. masquinongy in the United States and Canada. (Fuller 2010; Harvey 2009).
Red List assessed species 4: CR = 1; VU = 3;
View more species View less species
Locations
CANADA
Mechanism
[1] Competition
[1] Predation
[1] Hybridisation
[1] Disease transmission
Outcomes
[1] Environmental Ecosystem - Habitat
  • [1] Reduction in native biodiversity
[2] Environmental Species - Population
  • [1] Alteration of genetic resources
  • [1] Plant/animal health
Management information
Common management techniques used for controlling E. lucius populations include culling and poisoning with rotenone. (Harvey 2009).
Locations
CANADA
Management Category
Control
Bibliography
8 references found for Esox lucius

Management information
Harvey, B. 2009. A biological synopsis of northern pike (Esox lucius). Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2885: v + 31 p.
Summary: Available from: http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/collection_2010/mpo-dfo/Fs97-4-2885-eng.pdf [Accessed 26 July 2010]
IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
Summary: This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
General information
Cowx, I.G., Nunn, A.D., Harvey, J.P., Noble, R.A., Bolland, J.D. & Taylor R. 2008. Investigation into the distribution and abundance of coarse fish populations in still waters in the Isle of Man. Unpublished draft report to Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
FishBase, 2010. Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Northern pike
Summary: Available from: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=258 [Accessed 26 July 2010]
Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Esox lucius. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3.
Summary: Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/135631/0 [Accessed 26 July 2010]
Fuller. P., 2010. Esox lucius. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
Summary: Available from: http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=676 [Accessed 26 July 2010]
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), 2010. Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758
Summary: Available from: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162139 [Accessed 26 July 2010]
Varnham, K 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review JNCC Report No. 372
Summary: Available from: http://www.caymanbiodiversity.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/jncc372_web.pdf [Accessed 9 April 2010]
Contact
The following 0 contacts offer information an advice on Esox lucius
Esox lucius
great northern pike, hecht, northern pike, grand brochet, American pike, great nothern pickerel, Great Lakes pike, common pike, snake, pike, pickerel, jack, jackfish, brouchet, hauki, wolf, brouchetta, brochet du nord, bec de canard, brochet, poignard, lanceron, sifflet, schnuck, grashecht, schnock, bunthecht, heichit, hecht, schnöck, heekt, hechten, scheckhecht, hengste, snook, lucio, luccio, lúcio, Europäischer hecht, brouché , höcht
Date assessed
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Justification for EICAT assessment
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Mechanism(s) of maximum impact
Countries of most severe impact
Description of impacts
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Recommended citation
(2024). Esox lucius. IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT).