AntWeb, 2006. Anoplolepis gracilipesSummary: AntWeb illustrates ant diversity by providing information and high quality color images of many of the approximately 10,000 known species of ants. AntWeb currently focusses on the species of the Nearctic and Malagasy biogeographic regions, and the ant genera of the world. Over time, the site is expected to grow to describe every species of ant known. AntWeb provides the following tools: Search tools, Regional Lists, In-depth information, Ant Image comparision tool PDF field guides maps on AntWeb and Google Earth and Ant genera of the world slide show.
AntWeb is available from: http://antweb.org/about.jsp [Accessed 20 April 2006]
The species page is available from: http://antweb.org/getComparison.do?rank=species&genus=anoplolepis&name=gracilipes&project=&project= [Accessed 2 May 2006]
Commonwealth of Australia. 2006a. Threat abatement plan to reduce the impacts of tramp ants on biodiversity in Australia and its territories, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.Summary: This plan establishes a national framework to guide and coordinate Australia�s response to tramp ants, identifying the research, management, and other actions necessary to ensure the long term survival of native species and ecological communities affected by tramp ants. It identifies six national priority species as an initial, but flexible, list on which to focus attention. They are the red imported fi re ant (
Solenopsis invicta), tropical fire ant (
S. geminata), little fire ant (
Wasmannia auropunctata), African big-headed ant (
Pheidole megacephala), yellow crazy ant (
Anoplolepis gracilipes), and Argentine ant (
Linepithema humile).
Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/pubs/tramp-ants.pdf [Accessed 17 November 2009]
Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1978. Pest status of the crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in the Seychelles. Bull. Entomol. Res. 68: 627-638.
Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Residual sprays for the control of the crazy ant Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) in the Seychelles. Pesticide Science 10: 201-206.
Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. II. Effectiveness, specificity and cost of baiting in field applications. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69:
Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. III. Selection of toxicants. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69: 203-211.
Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. I. The basic attractant carrier, its production and weathering properties. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69:
Haines, I. H., Haines, J. B. and Cherrett, J. M. 1994. The impact and control of the Crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.), in the Seychelles. pp. 206�218 in Williams, D. F. (ed.), Exotic ants. Biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview, Boulder, CO.
Harris, R.; Abbott, K.; Barton, K.; Berry, J.; Don, W.; Gunawardana, D.; Lester, P.; Rees, J.; Stanley, M.; Sutherland, A.; Toft, R. 2005: Invasive ant pest risk assessment project for Biosecurity New Zealand. Series of unpublished Landcare Research contract reports to Biosecurity New Zealand. BAH/35/2004-1.Summary: The invasive ant risk assessment project, prepared for Biosecurity New Zealand by Landcare Research, synthesises information on the ant species that occur in New Zealand (native and introduced species), and on invasive ants that pose a potential threat to New Zealand.
There is a great deal of information in this risk assessment on invasive ant species that is of global interest, including; biology, distribution, pest status, control technologies.
The assessment project has five sections.1) The Ants of New Zealand: information sheets on all native and introduced ants established in New Zealand 2) Preliminary invasive ant risk assessment: risk scorecard to quantify the threat to New Zealand of 75 ant species. 3) Information sheets on invasive ant threats: information sheets on all ant species scored as medium to high risk (n = 39). 4) Pest risk assessment: A detailed pest risk assessment for the eight species ranked as having the highest potential risk to New Zealand (
Anoplolepis gracilipes,
Lasius neglectus,
Monomorium destructor,
Paratrechina longicornis,
Solenopsis geminata,
Solenopsis richteri,
Tapinoma melanocephalum,
Wasmannia auropunctata) 5) Ranking of high risk species: ranking of the eight highest risk ant species in terms of the risks of entry, establishment, spread, and detrimental consequences.
NB. The red imported fire ant (
Solenopsis invicta) is considered to be the worst ant pest in the world. However,
Solenopsis invicta was specifically excluded from consideration in this risk assessment as this species has already been subject to detailed consideration by Biosecurity New Zealand
(This invasive ant pest risk assessment was funded by Biosecurity New Zealand and Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Undertaken by Landcare Research in collaboration with Victoria University of Wellington and Otago Museum)
Available from: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/invertebrates/Ants/ant_pest_risk.asp [Accessed 20 May 2007]
Harris, R.J. & Barker, G. (2007). Relative risk of invasive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) establishing in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 34: 161-178.
Hoffmann, B., pers.comm 2007a. North east Arnhem Land YCA Eradication ProtocolsSummary: The eradication project in NE Arnhem Land is a collaboration between Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, CSIRO, Alcan Gove, Department of Environment and Heritage, Northern Territory Government, Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Land Council. The project which began in 2004, is expected to last for 4 years.
The yellow crazy ant eradication project in northeast Arnhem Land is the largest eradication project for this ant on mainland Australia. In the interest of sharing knowledge of invasive ant management, Dr. Ben Hoffmann has provided a brief project description as well as the project protocols here for public use. The project protocols are dynamic, and as such are updated from time to time as new knowledge is obtained or as requirements change.
Any queries relating to these documents can be directed to Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au
Hoffmann, B., pers.comm., 2007b. North east Arnhem Land Yellow crazy ant eradication projectSummary: The eradication project in NE Arnhem Land is a collaboration between Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, CSIRO, Alcan Gove, Department of Environment and Heritage, Northern Territory Government, Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Land Council. The project which began in 2004, is expected to last for 4 years.
The yellow crazy ant eradication project in northeast Arnhem Land is the largest eradication project for this ant on mainland Australia. In the interest of sharing knowledge of invasive ant management, Dr. Ben Hoffmann has provided a brief project description as well as the project protocols here for public use. The project protocols are dynamic, and as such are updated from time to time as new knowledge is obtained or as requirements change.
Any queries relating to these documents can be directed to Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au
Holway, D.A., Lach, L., Suarez, A.V., Tsutsui, N.D. and Case, T.J. 2002. The Causes and Consequences of Ant Invasions, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 181-233.
IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.Summary: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011]
Lewis, T., Cherrett, J. M., Haines, I., Haines, J. B. and Mathias, P. L. 1976. The crazy ant (Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)) in Seychelles, and its chemical control. Bull. Entomol. Res. 66: 97-111.
McGlynn, T.P. 1999. The Worldwide Transfer of Ants: Geographical Distribution and Ecological Invasions, Journal of Biogeography 26(3): 535-548.
McGregor, A. J. and Moxon, J. E. 1985. Potential for biological control of tent building species of ants associated with Phytophthora palmivora pod rot of cocoa in Papua New-Guinea. Annals of Applied Biology 107(2): 271-278.
Ness, J. H and Bronstein, J. L. 2004. The Effects of Invasive Ants on Prospective ant Mutualists, Biological Invasions 6: 445-461.
O Dowd, D. J. 1999. Crazy ant attack. Wingspan 9(2): 7.
O Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 1999. Status, impact, and recommendations for research and management of exotic invasive ants in Christmas Island National Park. Darwin, Northern Territory, Environment Australia: 50 pp, 8 figures, 2 plates.
Oi, D.H., Vail, K.M. and Williams, D.F. 2000. Bait distribution among multiple colonies of Pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Journal of Economic Entomology 93(4): 1247�1255.
O�Dowd, D.J., Green, P.T. and Lake, P.S. 1999. Status, Impact, and Recommendations for Research and Management of Exotic Invasive Ants in Christmas Island National Park. Centre for the Analysis and Management of Biological Invasions: Clayton (Victoria, Australia).
O�Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 1999. Status, Impact, and Recommendations for Research and Management of Exotic Invasive Ants in Christmas Island National Park. Report to Environment Australia.
Rao, N. S. and Veeresh, G. K. 1990. Management of crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon). Indian J. Plant Prot. 18: 105-8.
Reimer, N. J. 1994. Distribution and impact of alien ants in vulnerable Hawaiian ecosystems. In Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Williams, D. F. (ed) Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press: 11-22.
Sarnat, E. M. (December 4, 2008) PIAkey: Identification guide to ants of the Pacific Islands, Edition 2.0, Lucid v. 3.4. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology and University of California � Davis.Summary: PIAkey (Pacific Invasive Ant key) is an electronic guide designed to assist users identify invasive ant species commonly encountered in the Pacific Island region. The guide covers four subfamilies, 20 genera and 44 species.
The primary tool offered by PIAkey is an interactive key designed using Lucid3 software. In addition to being fully illustrated, the Lucid key allows users to enter at multiple character points, skip unknown characters, and find the most efficient path for identifying the available taxa. Each species is linked to its own web page. These species pages, or factsheets, are linked to an illustrated glossary of morphological terms, and include the following seven sections: 1) Overview of the species; 2) Diagnostic chart illustrating a unique combination of identification characters; 3) Comparison chart illustrating differences among species of similar appearance; 4) Video clip of the species behavior at food baits (where available); 5) Image gallery that includes original specimen images and live images (where available); 6) Nomenclature section detailing the taxonomic history of the species, and 7) Links and references section for additional literature and online resources.
Available from: http://www.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/PIAkey/index.html [Accessed 17 December 2008]
Stanaway, M. A., Zalucki, M. P., Gillespie, P. S. and Rodriquez, C. M. 2001. Pest risk assessment of insects in sea cargo containers. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 180-192.
Veeresh, G. K. 1987. Pest status of crazy ant Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) in Karnataka, India, and causes for its outbreak. In Chemistry and biology of social insects. J. Eder and H. Rembold. Munich, Peperny: 667-668.
Veeresh, G. K. and Gubbaiah 1984. A report on the Crazy ant (Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon) menace in Karnataka. J Soil Biol Ecol 4: 65-73.
Walker, K. 2006. Yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) Pest and Diseases Image Library. Updated on 29/08/2006 12:02:55 PM.Summary: PaDIL (Pests and Diseases Image Library) is a Commonwealth Government initiative, developed and built by Museum Victoria s Online Publishing Team, with support provided by DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) and PHA (Plant Health Australia), a non-profit public company. Project partners also include Museum Victoria, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and the Queensland University of Technology. The aim of the project is: 1) Production of high quality images showing primarily exotic targeted organisms of plant health concern to Australia. 2) Assist with plant health diagnostics in all areas, from initial to high level. 3) Capacity building for diagnostics in plant health, including linkage developments between training and research organisations. 4) Create and use educational tools for training undergraduates/postgraduates. 5) Engender public awareness about plant health concerns in Australia. PaDIL is available from : http://www.padil.gov.au/aboutOverview.aspx, this page is available from: http://www.padil.gov.au/viewPestDiagnosticImages.aspx?id=84 [Accessed 6 October 2006]
Way, M. J. 1953. The relationship between certain ant species with particular reference to biological control of the coreid, Theraptus spp. Bull. Entomol. Res. 44: 669-691.
Way, M. J. and Khoo, K. C. 1992. Role of ants in pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37: 479-503.
Williams, D. F. 1994. Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Baker, G. L. 1976. The seasonal life cycle of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a cacao plantation and under brushed rain forest in the northern district of Papua New Guinea. Insectes Soc. 23: 253-261.
Blard, F. 2006. Les fourmis envahissantes de l��le de la R�union�: Interaction comp�titives et facteurs d�invasion. Th�se de doctorat. Universit� de la R�union. 97 pp
Summary: Cette �tude porte sur les relations comp�titives entre trois esp�ces ainsi que sur les facteurs li�s � leur succ�s dans l invasion des milieux.
Bos, M.M., Tylianakis, J.M., Steffan-Dewenter, I.S. & Tscharntke, T. (2008). The invasive Yellow Crazy Ant and the decline of forest ant diversity in Indonesian cacao agroforests. Biological Invasions 10:1399�1409.
Brown, E. S. 1959. Immature nutfall of coconuts in the Solomon Islands, I. Distribution of nutfall in relation to that of Amblypelta and of certain species of ants. Bull. Entomol. Res. 50: 97-133, plates 2 & 3.
Brown, E. S. 1959. Immature nutfall of coconuts in the Solomon Islands, II: Changes in ant populations and their relation to vegetation. Bull. Entomol. Res. 50: 523-558.
Bruhl, C.A. & Eltz, T. (2009). Fuelling the biodiversity crisis: species loss of ground-dwelling forest ants in oil palm plantations in Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo). Biodiversity and Conservation, in press.
Drescher, Jochen; Heike Feldhaar and Nico Bluthgen, 2010. Interspecific Aggression and Resource Monopolization of the Invasive Ant Anoplolepis gracilipes in Malaysian Borneo. Biotropica Article In Press gracilipes in Malaysian Borneo
Drescher, Jochen; Nico Bluthgen and Heike Feldhaar, 2007. Population structure and intraspecific aggression in the invasive ant species Anoplolepis gracilipes in Malaysian Borneo. Molecular Ecology (2007) 16, 1453�1465
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Gerlach, J. (2004). Impact of the invasive crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles. Journal of Insect Conservation 8: 15-25.
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Gillespie, R.G. and Reimer, N. 1993. The Effect of Alien Predatory Ants (Hymenoptera: Formididae) on Hawaiian Endemic Spiders (Araneae:Tetragnathidae). Pacific Science 47(1) 21-33.
Green, P. T., O Dowd, D. J. and Lake, P. S. 1999. Alien ant invasion and ecosystem collapse on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Aliens 9: 2-4.
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Hill, M., Holm, K. Vel, T., Shah, N.J. and Matyot, P. 2003. Impact of the introduced yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles Biodiversity and Conservation 12(9): 1969 � 1984.
ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), 2004. Online Database Anoplolepis gracilipesSummary: An online database that provides taxonomic information, common names, synonyms and geographical jurisdiction of a species. In addition links are provided to retrieve biological records and collection information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Data Portal and bioscience articles from BioOne journals.
Available from: http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=575523 [Accessed 22 February 2008]
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Summary: Cette synth�se sur les invert�br�s envahissants et potentiellement envahissants dans l archipel cal�donien a �t� r�alis�e dans le cadre d une expertise coll�giale men�e par l IRD.
Lumsden, L., Silins J., and Schulz, M. 1999. Population dynamics and ecology of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus murrayi, on Christmas Island. Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Natural Resources and Environment: 99.
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