Recommended citation: Global Invasive Species Database (2025) Species profile: Aix galericulata. Downloaded from http://iucngisd.org/gisd/speciesname/Aix+galericulata on 14-01-2025.
Lensinks, R. (1996). De opkomst van exoten in de Nederlandse avifauna: verleden, heden en toekomst. Limosa 69: 103-130.
Cosgrove, P. (2003). Mandarin Ducks and the potential consequences for Goldeneye. Scottish Birds 24, 1-10 (2003).
General information
Kestenholz, M., Heer, L. & Kelller, V. (2005). Etablierte Neozoen in der europäischen Vogelwelt – eine Übersicht. Der Ornithologische Beobachter, 102, pp.153-180.
Lemaire, A. & van Kleunen, A. (2014). A risk assessment of Mandarin Duck (Aix Galericulata) in the Netherlands. Sovon-report 2014/15. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen.
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MN
Aix galericulata
Date assessed
2021-10-11
Year published
2023
Eicat category
MN (Minor)
Justification for EICAT assessment
Hybrids between Mandarin Ducks and Mallards have been observed in the wild (Anas platyrhynchos). There is no evidence that hybridisation caused a decline of Mallards (Lensink, 1996; Lemaire and van Kleunen, 2014).
Confidence rating
Low
Mechanism(s) of maximum impact
Hybridisation
Countries of most severe impact
Netherlands
Description of impacts
Hybrids between Mandarin Ducks and Mallard were observed in the wild in the Netherlands. They also compete with native bird species.
Assessor
Thomas Evans; Tom Allmert
Contributors
Reviewers
EICAT authority
Recommended citation
Thomas Evans, Tom Allmert (2025). Aix galericulata. IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT).